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- MEDICINE, Page 79Cancer Shield
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- A way to block malignancies
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- Could there be a pill to prevent cancer? Since the 1970s,
- experiments with lab animals and studies of cancer rates in
- different countries have suggested that certain vitamins or
- related compounds could at least lower the risk of getting some
- forms of the disease. That evidence has prompted a series of
- large trials in humans to see if these substances can throw a
- shield around potential cancer victims.
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- Last week brought the first modest success story in this new
- field of "chemo-prevention." Dr. Waun Ki Hong and colleagues
- from the University of Texas in Houston reported evidence that
- some cancers can be thwarted by isotretinoin, a man-made
- derivative of vitamin A that is sold as an anti-acne medication
- under the brand name Accutane. Fifty patients who had been
- successfully treated for cancer of the mouth and throat were
- given large daily doses of the drug for 12 months. After as
- much as three years, only two (4%) of the subjects developed a
- new cancer. In contrast, among 50 patients who received a
- placebo, 12 (24%) were stricken by a second tumor.
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- Doctors point out that isotretinoin is hardly a benign drug.
- In addition to causing side effects ranging from dry, scaly
- skin to high levels of fat in the bloodstream, the drug is
- believed to have triggered hundreds of birth defects when it
- was taken by pregnant women during the early 1980s.
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- Scientists do not expect to find a single chemical that can
- prevent all types of cancer. But they hope to discover a
- variety of compounds that could be useful for people who,
- because of their heredity or life-style, are known to be highly
- susceptible to particular kinds of malignancy. About 20
- different cancer-prevention studies are under way around the
- world, examining the potential benefits of such compounds as
- beta carotene and vitamin A.
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